PERUBAHAN BENTUK KATA KERJA YANG DIPENGARUHI OLEH
WAKTU DAN KEJADIANNYA
Tenses adalahperubahanbentuk kata kerja yang
menunjukkanwaktuterjadinyasuatuperistiwaatausecara specific, tenses
adalahperubahanbentuk kata kerja yang disesuaikandengan time signalnya
(keteranganwaktu).
Tenses dilihatdarisegiwaktuadatiga, yaitu :
1. Present (waktusekarang)
2. Past (waktulampau)
3 Future (waktu
yang akandatang)
Tenses dilihatdarikarakternyaadaempat, yaitu :
1. Simple (rutinitas)
2. Continuous (sedangberlangsung)
3. Perfect (telahselesai)
4. Perfect Continuous (telahdilakukandanmasihberlangsung)
1. PRESENT TENSE
RUMUS VERBAL
S + V1 (s/es) + (O + Adverb)
Ext. We love English
RUMUS NOMINAL
S + be (am, is, are) + 3C
Ext. She is glad
Time signal : Always sometimes once a week
Usually seldom every
day
Often never etc.
RUMUS QUESTION WORD (Verbal)
Menanyakan Subject
QW + ordinary + s/es + (O +
adverb)
Menanyakanselain object
QW + do/does + S + ordinary
Fungsinya :
1. Untukmenyatakansuatukebiasaan
Ex. Ani usually sings in the bathroom
2. Untukmenyatakankebenaranumum
Ex. The sun rises in the east
a
week has seven days
3. Untukmenyatakansesuatu yang
benarterjadisaatini.
Ex. Anita likes Andi
Toni
works as an engineer
4. Untukmenyatakanperistiwa/perbuatan yang
terjadisecaraberurutan.
Ex. Ronaldo receivesthe ball, then he passes
it to ronaldinho
5. Untukmenyatakanperbuatan yang
akandatangdanterencana.
Ex. I go to Bali tomorrow
They arrives here on next
week
6. Untukmengutipdaribukupengarangatauperaturan-peraturan.
Ex. Rara says, “Beauty in only skin deep”.
The
rule says, “the boxers must come before”
7. Sebagaiganti present continuous ketikaverbnyaterdiridari
non-progressive verb.
Ex. I love you
I
understand it
8. Sebagai headline suratkabar
Ex. SBY-JK come to Madura
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
RUMUS VERBAL
S + be (am, is, are) + V-ing
+ (O+adv)
Ex. I am working in Amerika
RUMUS NOMINAL
SAMA DENGAN RUMUS SIMPLE
PRESENT
Time Signal : tonight this
morning
today at this moment
tomorrow today
at
present now etc
Fungsinya :
1. Digunakanuntukmenyatakansuatuperbuatan / peristiwa yang sedangberlangsung
(saatbicara).
Ex. I am studying English
2. Untukmenyatakansuatuperbuatanatauperistiwa yang
telahterencanaatauditetapkanakandilakukandalamwaktudekat.
Ex. My father is arriving tomorrow
3. Untukmenyatakansuatuperbuatanatauperistiwa yang
berangsur-angsurberubah.
Ex. My headache is getting worse
The wind
is blowing fast
4. Untukmenyatakansuatukebiasaan yang menekankanataukebiasaan yang
tidakdisengajadanbiasanyadiikutidengan always / continually.
Ex. She is always disturbing me
I am
continually leaving my pen in the class
RUMUS QUESTION WORD
Verbal
1. Menanyakan subject
QW + is + ing
2. Menanyakanselain subject
QW + be (am, is, are)
+ S + V-ing
Ex. They are playingpiano
1
2 3
1. Who is playing piano?
2. What are they doing?
3. What are they playing?
RUMUS NOMINAL
Nominal
SAMA DENGAN RUMUS SIMPLE
PRESENT
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
RUMUS VERBAL
S + have/has + V3
Ex. He has slept
We have
understood
RUMUS NOMINAL
S + have/has + been + 3C
Ex. They have been there for a week
Time Signal : since already recently
for never lately
so
far just yet
up
to now
Fungsinya :
1. Menyatakanperbuatan yang barusajaselesai
Ex. He has just come back
She has
already gone out
I have
never smoked any cigarette
2. Menyatakanperbuatan yang telahselesaidimasalampau, tapi waktu penyelesaiannya tidak
2. Menyatakanperbuatan yang telahselesaidimasalampau, tapi waktu penyelesaiannya tidak
disebutkan secara pasti.
RUMUS QUESTION WORD
Verbal
1. Menanyakansubject : QW + has + V3 + (O+Adv)
2. Menanyakanselainsubject : QW + have/has + S + V3
Ex Tatik has written a letter
1. Who has written a letter ?
2. What has Tutikdone ?
3. How many letter has Tutikwritten ?
4. What has Tutikwritten ?
Nominal
1. Menanyakan subject : QW + has + been + 3C
2. Menanyakanselain subject : QW + have/has + S + been
Ex I have been herefor 2
days
1. Who has been have for 2 days ?
2. Where have you been for 2
days ?
3. How long have you been here ?
4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
RUMUS VERBAL
S + have/has + been + V-ing
RUMUS NOMINAL
SAMA DENGAN RUMUS PRESENT
PERFECT TENSE
Fungsinya :
1. Untukmenyatakanperbuatan yang
dimulai pada masa lampau dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.
Ex. We have been waiting for
an hour
She has been lying on
the bed all day
2. Menyatakan perbuatan yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan baru saja telah diselesaikan,
biasanya menjelaskan sesuatu yang lain.
Ex. I am very tired, I have been playing
tennis
Why are
your clothes so wet? I have been watering the garden.
5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
RUMUS VERBAL
S + V2 + (O +adv)
Ex. She visited me yesterday
RUMUS NOMINAL
S + be (was, were) + 3C
Ex. She was here 2 days ago
Time signal : yesterday
Last….
….Ago
In
1877
RUMUS QUESTION WORD
Verbal Sentence
Menanyakansubject : QW + V2
+ (O + Adv)
Menanyakanselainsubject : QW
+ did + S + V1
Ex. She visited me yesterday
1. ___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
4.
___________________________________________________
Nominal sentence
Menanyakan subject : QW + was, were + 3C
Menanyakanselain
subject : QW + was, were + S
Ex. Reni is happy
1. Who is happy ?
2. How is Reni ?
Fungsinya :
1. Untukmenyatakanperistiwa yang
terjadidimasalampaudalamwaktutertentu.
Ex. He wrote this book three years ago
They
were happy yesterday
2. Untukmenanyakankebiasaandimasalampau
Ex. He always asked me money
6. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
RUMUS VERBAL
S + was/were + V-ing
RUMUS NOMINAL
SAMA DENGAN RUMUS
SIMPLE PAST
Fungsinya :
1. Untukmenyatakanperbuatan / peristiwa yang
sedangterjadidimasalampaudalamwaktutertentu.
Ex. She was playing tennis yesterday morning
2. Untukmenanyakanperbuatan / peristiwa yang
berangsur-angsurbertambah di masalampau.
Time signal :
When, While as
7. PAST
PERFECT TENSE
RUMUS VERBAL
S + had + V3
RUMUS NOMINAL
S + had + been + 3C
Fungsinya :
1. Untukmenyatakansuatuperbuatan / peristiwa
yang telahselesaidikerjakanketikaperistiwalainterjadi.
Ex. After he had
finished working, He went home
Time signal : After Before
As
soon as When
Until
/ till
8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
RUMUS VERBAL
S + had + been + V-ing
RUMUS NOMINAL
SAMA DENGAN RUMUS PAST
PERFECT
Fungsinya :
1. Untukmenyatakansuatuperistiwa
yang terjadi pad masalampaudanmasihberlangsungketikaperistiwalainterjadi.
Ex. When I she arrived, I had been waiting
for an hour
2. Untukmenyatakansuatuperbuatan yang diulang-ulangdalam past perfect
tense.
Ex. He had friend five times
to get her on the telephone
He had been trying to
get her on the telephone
9. FUTURE TENSE
RUMUS VERBAL
S + will / shall + V1
RUMUS NOMINAL
S + will / shall + be + 3C
S + be (am, is, are) + going
to + VI
Fungsinya :
1. Untukmenyatakanperbuatan/peristiwa yang akanterjadipadawaktu yang
akandatang.
Ex. I will accompany you
tomorrow
They are going to go
to Bali next week
2. Untukkalimatbersyarat (CS) type I
Ex. If you ask him politely,
he will help you
I will you buy a new
car, If I get much money
3. Untukmenyatakanpermintaan.
Ex. Will you come with me ?
Will you
help me ?
Time signal : tonight tomorrow
Next
week next…
Soon etc.
RUMUS QUESTION WORD
Verbal Sentence
Menanyakan subject
QW + will / shall +
V1
Menanyakanselainsubject
: QW + will/shall + S + V1
Nominal Sentence
Menanyakansubject :
QW + will / shall + be + 3C
Menanyakanselainsubject
: QW + will/shall + S + be + 3C
Ex. IwillstudyEnglishat
Alifiatomorrow
1 2 3 4 5
1. Who will study English at Alifiatomorrow ?
2. What will you do at Alifiatomorrow ?
3. What will you study at Barron’s tomorrow ?
4. Where will you study English tomorrow ?
5. When will you study English at Alifia ?
10. FUTURE CONTINUOUS
RUMUS VERBAL
S + will / shall + be
+ v-ing
RUMUS NOMINAL
SAMA DENGAN SIMPLE
FUTURE
Fungsinya :
1. Digunakanuntukmenyatakanperistiwa / perbuatan
yang akansedangterjadipadawaktutertentu di masa yang akandatang.
Time Signal : By this time next week
At
this time tomorrow
At
7 o’clock tonight
All
day tomorrow
Tomorrow
morning
Ex. By this tomorrow, we will be studying English, at 06 o’clock tomorrow I will be swimming
RUMUS QUESTION WORD
Verbal Sentence
Menanyakansubject :
QW + will/shall + be + ving
Menanyakanselainsubject
: QW + will/shall + be + ving
Nominal Sentence
SAMA DENGAN RUMUS
SIMPLE FUTURE.
11. FUTURE PERFECT
RUMUS VERBAL
S + will / shall +
have + V3
RUMUS NOMINAL
S + will/shall + have
+ been + 3C
Tenses
inidigunakanuntukmenyatakanperistiwa / perbuatan yang akansudahterjadi di masa
yang akandatang.
Time Signal : In the two year’s time
By
this time next time
By
the end of …..
Ex. By the end of this month, I will have
finished
My
program at Alifia’s
By this
time next year, she will have had new house
12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
RUMUS VERBAL
S + will/shall + have
+ been + ving
RUMUS NOMINAL
SAMA DENGAN FUTURE
PERFECT
Fungsinya :
1. Digunakanuntukmenyatakanperbuatan yang akantelahterjadipadawaktu yang
akandatangtetapimasihberlangsungpadawaktuitu.
Time Signal :By the end of,
for ….. by…..
Ex. We will have been living here for two
month by the end of this year.
TENSES SONG
I sing a song
I am singing a song
I have sung a song
I have been singin a song
I sang a song
I was singing a song
I had sung a song
I had been singing a song ...... ( ohhh sing a song)
I will sing a song
I will be singing a song
I'll have sung a song
I'll have been singing a song
I would sing a song
I would be singing a song
I'd have sung a song
I'd have been singing a song ....... (ohhh sing a song)
*) Note :
Semoga Bermanfaat
compilled by: Lia Miftasari, M.Pd
