Selasa, 28 Februari 2017

Tenses



TENSES
  
PERUBAHAN BENTUK KATA KERJA YANG DIPENGARUHI OLEH WAKTU DAN KEJADIANNYA
Tenses adalahperubahanbentuk kata kerja yang menunjukkanwaktuterjadinyasuatuperistiwaatausecara specific, tenses adalahperubahanbentuk kata kerja yang disesuaikandengan time signalnya (keteranganwaktu).
Tenses dilihatdarisegiwaktuadatiga, yaitu :
      1.   Present               (waktusekarang)
      2.   Past                             (waktulampau)
      3    Future                  (waktu yang akandatang)
Tenses dilihatdarikarakternyaadaempat, yaitu :
      1.   Simple                                        (rutinitas)
      2.   Continuous                               (sedangberlangsung)
      3.   Perfect                                       (telahselesai)
      4.   Perfect Continuous               (telahdilakukandanmasihberlangsung)
1.   PRESENT TENSE
      RUMUS VERBAL
      S + V1 (s/es) + (O + Adverb)
      Ext.     We love English
      RUMUS NOMINAL     
      S + be (am, is, are) + 3C
      Ext.     She is glad
      Time signal         :     Always        sometimes       once a week
                                            Usually        seldom              every day
                                            Often           never                 etc.
      RUMUS QUESTION WORD (Verbal)
      Menanyakan Subject
      QW + ordinary + s/es + (O + adverb)
      Menanyakanselain object
      QW + do/does + S + ordinary
      Fungsinya :
             1.   Untukmenyatakansuatukebiasaan
                   Ex.       Ani usually sings in the bathroom
             2.   Untukmenyatakankebenaranumum
                   Ex.       The sun rises in the east
                                a week has seven days
             3.   Untukmenyatakansesuatu yang benarterjadisaatini.
                   Ex.       Anita likes Andi
                                Toni works as an engineer
             4.   Untukmenyatakanperistiwa/perbuatan yang terjadisecaraberurutan.
                   Ex.       Ronaldo receivesthe ball, then he passes it to ronaldinho
             5.   Untukmenyatakanperbuatan yang akandatangdanterencana.
                   Ex.       I go to Bali tomorrow
                                They arrives here on next week
             6.   Untukmengutipdaribukupengarangatauperaturan-peraturan.
                   Ex.       Rara says, “Beauty in only skin deep”.
                                The rule says, “the boxers must come before”
             7.   Sebagaiganti present continuous ketikaverbnyaterdiridari non-progressive verb.
                   Ex.       I love you
                                I understand it
             8.   Sebagai headline suratkabar
                   Ex.       SBY-JK come to Madura
2.   PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
      RUMUS VERBAL
      S + be (am, is, are) + V-ing + (O+adv)
      Ex.       I am working in Amerika
      RUMUS NOMINAL
      SAMA DENGAN RUMUS SIMPLE PRESENT
     
      Time Signal :      tonight              this morning
                                today             at this moment
                                tomorrow    today
                                at present   now                       etc
      Fungsinya :
      1.   Digunakanuntukmenyatakansuatuperbuatan / peristiwa yang sedangberlangsung (saatbicara).
             Ex.       I am studying English
      2.   Untukmenyatakansuatuperbuatanatauperistiwa yang telahterencanaatauditetapkanakandilakukandalamwaktudekat.
             Ex.       My father is arriving tomorrow
      3.   Untukmenyatakansuatuperbuatanatauperistiwa yang berangsur-angsurberubah.
             Ex.       My headache is getting worse
                         The wind is blowing fast
      4.   Untukmenyatakansuatukebiasaan yang menekankanataukebiasaan yang tidakdisengajadanbiasanyadiikutidengan always / continually.
             Ex.       She is always disturbing me
                         I am continually leaving my pen in the class
      RUMUS QUESTION WORD
      Verbal
      1.   Menanyakan subject
             QW + is + ing
      2.   Menanyakanselain subject
             QW + be (am, is, are) + S + V-ing
             Ex.       They are playingpiano
                            1           2          3
             1.   Who is playing piano?
             2.   What are they doing?
             3.   What are they playing?
      RUMUS NOMINAL
      Nominal
      SAMA DENGAN RUMUS SIMPLE PRESENT
3.   PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
      RUMUS VERBAL
      S + have/has + V3
      Ex.       He has slept
                   We have understood
      RUMUS NOMINAL
      S + have/has + been + 3C
      Ex.       They have been there for a week
      Time Signal         :       since                         already                  recently
                                          for                             never                     lately
                                          so far                     just                  yet
                                          up to now             
      Fungsinya :
      1.   Menyatakanperbuatan yang barusajaselesai
             Ex.       He has just come back
                        She has already gone out
                         I have never smoked any cigarette
      2.   Menyatakanperbuatan yang telahselesaidimasalampau,  tapi waktu penyelesaiannya tidak  
            disebutkan secara pasti.

 RUMUS   QUESTION WORD
Verbal
      1.   Menanyakansubject : QW + has + V3 + (O+Adv)
      2.   Menanyakanselainsubject : QW + have/has + S + V3
             Ex        Tatik has written a letter
1.    Who has written a letter ?
2.    What has Tutikdone ?
3.    How many letter has Tutikwritten ?
4.    What has Tutikwritten ?
      Nominal
1.    Menanyakan subject : QW + has + been + 3C
2.    Menanyakanselain subject : QW + have/has + S + been
Ex      I have been herefor 2 days
1.    Who has been have for 2 days ?
2.   Where have you been for 2 days ?
                         3.   How long have you been here ?
4.   PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
      RUMUS VERBAL
      S + have/has + been + V-ing
      RUMUS NOMINAL
      SAMA DENGAN RUMUS PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
      Fungsinya :
1.    Untukmenyatakanperbuatan yang dimulai pada masa lampau dan masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.
  Ex.       We have been waiting for an hour
             She has been lying on the bed all day
      2.   Menyatakan perbuatan yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan baru saja telah diselesaikan, biasanya menjelaskan sesuatu yang lain.
             Ex.       I am very tired, I have been playing tennis
                         Why are your clothes so wet? I have been watering the garden.
5.   SIMPLE PAST TENSE
      RUMUS VERBAL
      S + V2 + (O +adv)
      Ex.       She visited me yesterday
      RUMUS NOMINAL
      S    + be (was, were) + 3C
      Ex.       She was here 2 days ago

      Time signal   :     yesterday
                                      Last….
                                      ….Ago
                                      In 1877
      RUMUS QUESTION WORD
      Verbal Sentence
      Menanyakansubject          : QW + V2 + (O + Adv)
      Menanyakanselainsubject : QW + did + S + V1
      Ex.       She visited me yesterday
                   1.   ___________________________________________________________
                   2.   ___________________________________________________________
                   3.   ___________________________________________________________
                   4.   ___________________________________________________             






Nominal sentence

             Menanyakan subject                 :     QW + was, were + 3C
             Menanyakanselain subject     :     QW + was, were + S
             Ex.       Reni is happy
                         1.   Who is happy ?
                         2.   How is Reni ?

             Fungsinya :
             1.   Untukmenyatakanperistiwa yang terjadidimasalampaudalamwaktutertentu.
                   Ex.       He wrote this book three years ago
                                They were happy yesterday
             2.   Untukmenanyakankebiasaandimasalampau
                   Ex.       He always asked me money
     

      6.   PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
             RUMUS VERBAL
             S + was/were + V-ing
             RUMUS NOMINAL
             SAMA DENGAN RUMUS SIMPLE PAST


             Fungsinya :
             1.   Untukmenyatakanperbuatan / peristiwa yang sedangterjadidimasalampaudalamwaktutertentu.
                   Ex.       She was playing tennis yesterday morning
             2.   Untukmenanyakanperbuatan / peristiwa yang berangsur-angsurbertambah di masalampau.
                   Time signal : When, While as
      7.   PAST PERFECT TENSE
             RUMUS VERBAL
             S + had + V3
             RUMUS NOMINAL
             S + had + been + 3C

             Fungsinya :
             1.   Untukmenyatakansuatuperbuatan / peristiwa yang telahselesaidikerjakanketikaperistiwalainterjadi.
             Ex. After he had finished working, He went home
             Time signal   :     After                         Before
                                            As soon as               When                   
                                            Until / till
8.   PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
      RUMUS VERBAL
      S + had + been + V-ing
      RUMUS NOMINAL
      SAMA DENGAN RUMUS PAST PERFECT
      Fungsinya :
      1.   Untukmenyatakansuatuperistiwa yang terjadi pad masalampaudanmasihberlangsungketikaperistiwalainterjadi.
             Ex.       When I she arrived, I had been waiting for an hour
2.    Untukmenyatakansuatuperbuatan yang diulang-ulangdalam past perfect tense.
Ex.       He had friend five times to get her on the telephone
             He had been trying to get her on the telephone
9.   FUTURE TENSE
      RUMUS VERBAL
      S + will / shall  + V1

      RUMUS NOMINAL
      S + will / shall + be + 3C
      S + be (am, is, are) + going to + VI
      Fungsinya :
1.    Untukmenyatakanperbuatan/peristiwa yang akanterjadipadawaktu yang akandatang.
Ex.       I will accompany you tomorrow
             They are going to go to  Bali next week
2.    Untukkalimatbersyarat (CS) type I              
Ex.     If you ask him politely, he will help you
           I will you buy a new car, If I get much money
      3.   Untukmenyatakanpermintaan.
             Ex.       Will you come with me ?
                         Will you help me ?
             Time signal :       tonight              tomorrow
                                            Next week      next…
                                            Soon                  etc.
             RUMUS QUESTION WORD
             Verbal Sentence
             Menanyakan subject
             QW + will / shall + V1                 
             Menanyakanselainsubject : QW + will/shall + S + V1
             Nominal Sentence
             Menanyakansubject : QW + will / shall + be + 3C
             Menanyakanselainsubject : QW + will/shall + S + be + 3C
     
             Ex.       IwillstudyEnglishat Alifiatomorrow
                         1        2                3              4                5
             1.   Who will study English at Alifiatomorrow ?
             2.   What will you do at Alifiatomorrow ?
             3.   What will you study at Barron’s tomorrow ?
             4.   Where will you study English tomorrow ?
             5.   When will you study English at Alifia ?

10.       FUTURE CONTINUOUS       
             RUMUS VERBAL
             S + will / shall + be + v-ing
             RUMUS NOMINAL
             SAMA DENGAN SIMPLE FUTURE
            
             Fungsinya :
             1.   Digunakanuntukmenyatakanperistiwa / perbuatan yang akansedangterjadipadawaktutertentu di masa yang akandatang.
                   Time Signal :     By this time next week
                                                          At this time tomorrow
                                                          At 7 o’clock tonight
                                                          All day tomorrow
                                                          Tomorrow morning
     Ex.       By this tomorrow, we will be studying English, at 06 o’clock          tomorrow I will be swimming
RUMUS QUESTION WORD
             Verbal Sentence
             Menanyakansubject : QW + will/shall + be + ving
             Menanyakanselainsubject : QW + will/shall + be + ving                     
             Nominal Sentence
             SAMA DENGAN RUMUS SIMPLE FUTURE.
11.       FUTURE PERFECT
             RUMUS VERBAL
             S + will / shall + have + V3
             RUMUS NOMINAL
             S + will/shall + have + been + 3C
             Tenses inidigunakanuntukmenyatakanperistiwa / perbuatan yang akansudahterjadi di masa yang akandatang.
             Time Signal :     In the two year’s time
                                                  By this time next time
                                                  By the end of …..
             Ex.       By the end of this month, I will have finished
                         My program at Alifia’s
                         By this time next year, she will have had new house
12.       FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
             RUMUS VERBAL
             S + will/shall + have + been + ving
             RUMUS NOMINAL
             SAMA DENGAN FUTURE PERFECT
             Fungsinya :
1.    Digunakanuntukmenyatakanperbuatan yang akantelahterjadipadawaktu yang akandatangtetapimasihberlangsungpadawaktuitu.
     
             Time Signal  :By the end of, for ….. by…..
             Ex.       We will have been living here for two month by the end of            this year.

TENSES SONG
I sing a song
I am singing a song
I have sung a song
I have been singin a song
           I sang a song
           I was singing a song
           I had sung a song
           I had been singing a song ...... ( ohhh sing a song)
I will sing a song
I will be singing a song
I'll have sung a song
I'll have been singing a song
       I would sing a song
       I would be singing a song
       I'd have sung a song
       I'd have been singing a song ....... (ohhh sing a song)

*) Note : 
    Untuk kategory  lagu Tenses' song kalian bisa ganti menjadi "I eat Bakso" atau kalimat lainnya.



 Semoga Bermanfaat



                                                                                                 compilled by: Lia Miftasari, M.Pd